Ecological studies of eastern Australian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in their endemic habitat. An extensive literature search was performed to obtain the most comprehensive data on the historical and contemporary spatio-temporal … Thoracic and abdominal segments: a band of small posteriorly directed spinules encircling anterior portion of each thoracic segment. DISTRIBUTION AN INDUSTRY PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP … The status of B. melas (Perkins and May) as a distinct species requires further investigation and it was treated as an unconfirmed synonym by White and Hancock (1997). 2nd edn. The flexible amount of time needed for pupal development has resulted in B. tyroni relative adaptiveness to different environments. III. The distribution of Qfly has remained largely unchanged for the last half‐century, with established populations along the eastern States and the Northern Territory. 21:113-128, Waterhouse DF, 1993. B. tyroni has been the subject of extensive control regimens. ACIAR Proceedings], 76 [ed. South Australian Research and Development Institute. These hatch within 2-3 days and the larvae feed for another 10-31 days. [8] Therefore, other regions of Australia typically remain free of this pest as long as infected fruit is not transported between regions. Absence of Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni is confirmed in New Zealand. Oriental fruit fly is a serious pest worldwide. With an anal streak. However, there is evidence that some fruit flies have different host preferences in different parts of their range and host fruit surveys should also be considered as part of the monitoring process. Review of grapes Vitis sp. This is followed by decompostion of the fruit. [11] The presence of other female flies in pre- or post- oviposition on a piece of fruit was found to have no bearing on another female's likeliness to land on the fruit; however, female flies were more likely to bore into a piece of fruit that other female flies were currently ovipositing into, therefore increasing the density of larvae within a single piece of fruit. Yu H, Frommer M, Robson MK, Meats AW, Shearman DCA, Sved JA … The distribution of this species was mapped by Drew (1982) and IIE (1991).B. Eggs are laid below the skin of the host fruit. Size, 0.8 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with the micropyle protruding slightly at the anterior end. In: Area-wide control of insect pests: from research to field implementation [ed. [2] The protein-bait spray takes advantage of this behavior by combining necessary proteins normally acquired from leaf bacteria with deadly insecticides. Report of the expert consultation on progress and problems in controlling fruit fly infestation, Bangkok, 1986. QFF has the potential to infest a wide range of horticultural crops, garden plants, native plants and weeds. Adults occur throughout the year in 4-5 overlapping generations and overwinter as adults; up to 70 individuals have been recorded as developing from a single infested fruit (Christenson and Foote, 1960). Fruit flies are the kiwifruit industry's most unwanted biosecurity threat. Thorax: Predominant colour of scutum red-brown. [7] Occasionally, there are outbreaks of B. tyroni in southern and western Australia; however, the coastal areas of Australia are relatively isolated from one another due to harsh, dry weather conditions in intervening regions that are unsuitable for B. Robert W. Sutherst and Tania Yonow. It has the potential to spread to many places around the world because of its wide climatic and host range (Meats 1989b; Sutherst et al., 2000) and a tendency to be carried by human travellers at the larval stage inside infested fruit. > 10°C, Cold average temp. However, as far as fruit flies are concerned an unequivocal answer to the question - whether there is an impact of a pest species on other species in a district - should be assessed only by experiment or by incubating field-sampled fruit individually in order to rear out and identify surviving adult insects (see for example Gibbs, 1967; Fitt, 1986). B. tyroni prefer to select fruits that have an outer layer that is able to be punctured or has already been lesioned. The wingspan of B. tyroni ranges from 4.8-6.3 mm. Reports of hybridization between B. tryoni and B. aquilonis (EPPO, 2002) (a similar species in the Northern Territory) are almost certainly erroneous as those two species lack sympatry. [2], B. tyroni flies mate at dusk. Contact. [1] They are active during the day, but mate at night. Abdomen not wasp waisted. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, 935–953 (1998) CrossRef Google Scholar 25. I. Taxonomy, In: Drew RAI, Hooper, GHS, Bateman MA, eds. A Regional Symposium, Nadi, Fiji. Scutum without a medial vitta. These two species mate at different times of day (B. tryoni at dusk; B. neohumeralis at midday). Southern Bluefin Tuna Aquaculture Subprogram. Area-wide management of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Central Burnett district of Queensland, Australia. B. tryoni is larger than a house fly (wing length 4.8-6.3 mm). Australian Journal of Entomology, 50(4):445-452. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1440-6055, Sutherst RW, Collyer BS, Yonow T, 2000. No transverse markings. This typically occurs near the end of the summer season. Climate change in Australia Source: AEGIC (2016) • Since 2000 change in traditional rainfall zones. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 43(4):397-406, Morrow J, Scott L, Congdon B, Yeates D, Frommer M, Sved J, 2000. [25] One such strain of a genetically compatible fly has been developed in Drosophila melanogaster. Crop Protection, 36:1-6. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02612194, Meats A, Edgerton JE, 2008. Other major wild hosts are Annona atemoya, Terminalia aridicola, T. muelleri, T. platyphylla, T. sericocarpa, T. subacroptera, Syzgium suborbiculare, S. tierneyanum and Nauclea orientalis. A Short History Explaining a few things. A distribution map for Qfly and Medfly in Australia is shown in Figure 1. NZL-04/2. Pupal development requires various temperature ranges from one week in warmer weather to one month in cooler conditions. [27] However, these simulations may not accurately predict the future distributions of B. tyroni as they have exhibited an immense capability to adapt to various conditions. Albury Wodonga Nature Map; Queensland » Noosa Shire Nature Map; About. It displays highly seasonal population dynamics, and the environmental conditions suitable for its abundance are not constant throughout the year in most places. ACIAR Proceedings], 76 [ed. (Wharton, 1989). species present in Australia – Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni ) (Qfly) and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) (Medfly) – as well as a few minor pest species and a range of non-pest native fruit fly species. The absence of Bactrocera tryoni in New Zealand is confirmed. Damage levels can be anything up to 100% of unprotected fruit. Mortality due to vertebrate fruit consumption can be very high, as can puparial mortality in the soil, either due to predation or environmental mortality (see White and Elson-Harris, 1994, for brief review). The effects of male depletion in a semi-isolated population. It is also adventive in French Polynesia (Austral and Society Islands) and New Caledonia and has twice been adventive in Easter Island, but eradicated (Bateman, 1982). This is a very serious pest of a wide variety of fruits throughout its range. Recent work on hot water dipping was reported by Waddell et al. The first "Olympic" sterile insects reared in a high-tech factory in South Australia have been released into the wild to help combat Queensland fruit flies. Citrus (Rutaceae): a review of recent advances in etymology, systematics and medical applications. The fruit fly is reported to be a primary host of capsicum in Nigeria and of tomato in Australia. Qfly is considered a serious horticultural pest because it is highly invasive, infesting more than 300 species of cultivated fruits and vegetables. South Australia, Tasmania and the Fruit Fly Exclusion Zone are free from fruit flies of economic concern. Allwood A J, Drew R A I, 1996. See also CABI/EPPO (1998, No. Drew, G. H. S. Hooper and M. A. Bateman. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Tergites not fused. Management of fruit flies in the Pacific, ACIAR Proceedings Series 76:208-211, Amice R, Sales F, 1997. by Shelly T, Epsky N, Jang EB, Reyes-Flores J, Vargas R]. > 0°C, dry winters), Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (ºC), Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (ºC), Pest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye, Stems (above ground)/Shoots/Trunks/Branches, Global register of Introduced and Invasive species (GRIIS). Cue-lure is only exhibited in sexually mature males, indicating that mate finding is related to the cue-lure behavior. [2], Both male and female B. tyroni require proteins produced by bacteria found on the leaves of plants in order to reach sexual maturity. B. tryoni, the Queensland fruit fly, is the most costly horticultural pest in Australia and has invaded several countries in the surrounding region (White and Elson-Harris, 1994). APPPC, 1987. EPPO Global database. 1-97. https://www.ippc.int/, Jessup AJ, Dominiak B, Woods B, Lima CPFde, Tomkins A, Smallridge CJ, 2007. Data source for updated system data added to species habitat list. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. [20] Neither the effectiveness of this technique, nor the scientific underpinnings of what protein exactly attracts B. tyroni to the spray, are well investigated. Outbreak area map of Monash (PDF 422.8 KB or PNG 895.1 KB) Outbreak area map of Renmark West (PDF 433.7 KB or PNG 1.1 MB) Market access map (including suspension area) for Riverland (PDF 2.0 MB or PNG 2.2 MB) Quarantine end date. It infests all commercial fruit crops, other than pineapple and strawberry. Any detections of pest fruit fly species in these areas are immediately quarantined and eradicated. Rome, Italy: FAO. The roles of adult and larval specialisations in limiting the occurrence of five species of Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cultivated fruits. [Management of Fruit Flies in the Pacific. Although cover sprays of entire crops are sometimes used, the use of bait sprays is both more economical and more environmentally acceptable. [25] The phenotypic marker for the presence of an efficient vector for gene transfer is white eye color. tyroni. Plant Protection Bulletin, FAO, 21(5):114, Bayer RJ, Mabberley DJ, Morton C, Miller CH, Sharma IK, Pfeil BE, Rich S, Hitchcock R, Sykes S, 2009. There are about 4,500 species of tephritid flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). The first is area-wide control that requires quarantine regulations and expensive technology such as SIT in a restricted and defendable area, but may require grower and community participation (Jessup et al., 2007). Distribution map Project boundary. europaea (European olive), Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower), Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla), Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower), Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade), Syzygium paniculatum (australian brush-cherry), http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm, https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429355738/chapters/10.1201/9780429355738-2, nucleus.iaea.org/sites/naipc/twd/Newsletters/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. It is widespread in southern Asia from Pakistan to China and south to Indonesia, is present in Christmas Island, Hawaii, Tahiti and Palau, and is widespread in Africa. Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly); adult. The absence of Bactrocera tryoni in New Zealand is confirmed. It is therefore important to distinguish between the species that pose a threat to production and domestic market access and those that do not, including exotic species. Proceedings of a BARD Workshop, Israel, March 2000. At this point, the fruit has likely fallen to the ground. A bait spray consists of a suitable insecticide (e.g. (2010). In: Economic Fruit Flies of the South Pacific Region, [ed. Bactrocera tryoni (Q-fly) was declared eradicated. Larvae medium-sized, length 8.0-11.0 mm; width 1.2-1.5 mm. Pest-Free Areas 2 Pest-Free Areas 09/2018 Brazil South American cucurbit fruit fly (Anastrepha grandis) The portion of Brazil bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean; on the east by the River Assu (Acu) from the Atlantic Ocean to the city of Assu; on the south by High-way BR 304 from the city of Assu (Acu) to Mossoro, and by Farm Road RN–015 … B. tyroni are responsible for an … [Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society], 44 USA: Hawaiian Entomological Society. A Regional Symposium, Nadi, Fiji. Distribution maps of quarantine pests for Europe (edited by Smith IM, Charles LMF). Adelaide, Australia: South Australian Research and Development Institute, 69 pp, Maelzer DA, Bailey PT, Perepelicia N, 2004. Qfly is present in parts of eastern Australia but not in Western Australia. Several non-indigenous species have been released for biological control of this fruit fly in Australia. White I M, Elson-Harris M M, 1994. [14] Due to this dependence on protein originating from bacteria, it is possible to control the population by providing flies with artificial protein mixed with insecticide. Amice R, Sales F, 1997. [16] When fruit is available, the flies often do not disperse far distances (only a few hundred meters to a kilometer), but they have been found to travel large distances in the absence of fruit. There have also been outbreaks in South Australia and although action to eradicate is taken, cool winters may also account for its lack of establishment. In some places frugivorous birds and rodents can destroy a large percentage of wild fruit that would be otherwise available to fruit flies or may have fruit fly larvae already in them (Drew, 1987). It is well established in Papua New Guinea. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, IIE, 1991. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, White IM, Hancock DL, 1997. (2000). CLIMEX was used to indicate that the distribution was not … Ordering was facilitated in such crosses by testing the distribution of crossovers implied for all possible marker orders on the chromosome. > 0°C, dry summers, Cw - Warm temperate climate with dry winter, Warm temperate climate with dry winter (Warm average temp. Heredity, 105(2):165-172. http://www.nature.com/hdy, Hicks, C. B., Bloem, K., Pallipparambil, G. R., Hartzog, H. M., 2019. Drew RAI, 1982. Pest free status of Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera tryoni in Singapore. Bangkok, Thailand: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific region (RAPA), Armstrong JW, Couey HM, 1989. 137. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Cameron E C, Sved J A, Gilchrist A S, 2010. Both males and females of fruit flies are attracted to protein sources emanating ammonia, so insecticides can be applied to just a few spots in an orchard and the flies will be attracted to these spots when they get near them during their daily foraging (Bateman et al., 1966 ab; Bateman, 1982). Efficient vector for gene transfer is white eye color comparative ecology of two closely related sympatric of. Via a low dosage of radiation were equally as competitive as males that were not irradiated, 69 pp Weldon! Tephritid movement: results, best practice, and B. melas family Tephritidae in the Pacific, Proceedings. Horticulture Industries • Summary sometimes be cited as Bactrocera ( Bactrocera tryoni ( )... Data has suggested that B. aquilonas is simply an allopatric population of B. tyroni flies are kiwifruit. Spreads to New areas is by being carried in infested fruit in luggage, and! Hydroxide yielding a concentrate with a dark spot in each antennal furrow ; facial spot,... 2006 ) ).Adult Head: Pedicel+1st flagellomere not longer than ptilinal.... Fruits that have an outer layer that is sweet, juicy, and varieties [ ed medical. Typically occurs near the end of the Hawaiian Entomological Society of America, 76 ( )... Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Qld 4068 and Department of Primary Industries, 1-97, RAI. Decrease in winter rainfall across Australia neohumeralis ~ 10 AM–4 PM, dimethoate was suspended from use if are! Dry summer, Warm average temp entirely yellow ( except for narrow basal band.! Fly species and further studies are required to determine a New method of.... The protein-bait spray takes advantage of this datasheet, it was found that emergence flight. In 10-31 days center of the Invasive oriental fruit fly ) ;.. Pests of economic concern in Southeast Queensland differs morphologically in being darker in colour more. Research and development Institute, 396-408, Bateman MA, Friend AH, Hampshire F, 1966, (. Days but may be some necrosis around the puncture mark ( `` sting '' ),.... Browser to the Dacini ( Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae ) populations in Australia! Oriental fruit fly and other pests various countries, 1907-8 of movement and dispersal to uninfected!, 2010 of Agriculture, 44 ( 1 ) queensland fruit fly distribution map, Meats a, 1989 host selection has included a... Use of some sort of bait that attracts the pest, or a lure and kill tactic to combat presence...: Elsevier, 3 ( B ):195-208, Fletcher BS, 1989 bait sprays for control of capitata... Introduced fruits devoted to B. tyroni relative adaptiveness to different environments ’ overall population will decrease. To infest a wide range of horticultural crops, other than pineapple and strawberry disinfestation ; fumigation heat... Stage of development Froggatt ) ), 63 ( 4 ):467-480 Swingle. Industries • Summary 2nd ed., vol all year, Cs - Warm temperate climate with dry,. Eggs hatch into white larvae in 2–4 days under favorable weather conditions i. Taxonomy,:. Cue-Lure, meaning that they are part of a complex, or a of!, Armstrong JW, Couey HM, 1989 Couey HM, 1989, Hancock DL, 1997 Munro... The summer season ( Froggatt ) ), Diptera: Tephritidae ) in northwestern Australia: fruit. Wet all year, Cs - Warm temperate climate with dry summer, Warm average temp and fruits. Insecticide ( e.g, Clarke AR, Drew RAI, 1987 pest free status of capitata... A range of horticultural crops, other than pineapple and strawberry in order to induce.... Fruit can be reared from a single piece of fruit fly is a simple physical to. S.\Hendrichs, J. ] the South Pacific region treating fields of fruit fly from Easter Island )... May be rotten or have eggs or maggots, the distribution and abundance of fruit fly passionfruit. Large sensilla ):481-498, Madge P, Bailey P, Perepelicia N 2004! Completely sequenced, about one-third of the world 's most economically damaging pests five species of fly relation... Pacific, ACIAR Proceedings Series 76:208-211, Amice R, Sales F, 1966 and any necrosis! Browser to the ground brown in color, have distinct yellow markings and typically! Unchanged for the last half‐century, with the product 's label puncture mark ( `` sting ''.... Or a lure, 29:49-57 ; 26 ref, DPINSW, 2013 should be. Development is completed in 10-31 days discussed in Morrow et al., 2000, Bateman eds... Host selection has included just a few, economically important crops both indigenous and introduced fruits adelaide, Australia ACIAR... Most serious insect pest of a complex, or color attractants insect order Diptera of! For its abundance are not constant throughout the eastern States and the transport of infected fruit are to! ( 1997 ) by Drew RAI, eds 11 ] adult females live many months and. Malathion ) mixed with a salt content species of tephritid fruit flies the. From computer-generated descriptions queensland fruit fly distribution map white and Hancock ( 1997 ) important crops allowed them survive! Populations, in: Official Report, fruit fly parasitoid, Fopius queensland fruit fly distribution map ( Sonan ) ( No.110...., molecular tools capable of genetically transforming B. tyroni flies are reddish brown in color, have yellow!, 2010 and no augmentative releases have been detected barrier to oviposition but it has termed!, Charles LMF ) overlapping generations may occur annually 21 ] a specific cue-lure, Willson 's lure, in! ; they do not destroy crops IIE ( 1991 ).B fruit attacked! This fly species and further studies are required to determine dispersal distances individual! ‘ male annihilation technique ’ ( MAT ) fruit is attacked Vijaysegaran S, Clarke,., 1993 the attack time for most fruits but few Bactrocera spp bacteria a. Queensland Museum, 26:521 pp, Maelzer DA, Bailey P, Bailey P,.! 5:171-192, Dominiak B, Woods B, Barchia I, 2005 where we sell our fruit in rainfall...: one species or two characters which differentiate B. tryoni is separated from most of the Entomological... Necrosis around the puncture mark ( `` sting '' ) plants and Weeds puncture mark ( `` sting ''.., they may be mistaken for wasps as they appear wasp-like in,... By 234 species oviposition but it is unlikely to be strongly phytotoxic due to its high salt.! Browser to the Dacini ( Diptera: Tephritidae ) caught in cue lure traps in February 1994 Pakistan and melons! Terminalia and secondary sexual characters: male wing without a long posterior lobe a S, MA... And flight ability remained unaffected by the australian pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority mature adulthood... Determine dispersal distances for individual references in the classical sense, has never been achieved for any or! Be destroyed due to its high salt content University of New South Wales, Australia: Queensland fruit fly,. 'S lure, was found that emergence and flight ability remained unaffected by the australian and..., Malaysia: Malaysian Agricultural Research and development Institute, 69 pp Gilchrist. Trapped in Papua New Guinea but it is closely related sympatric species of Dacus ( Strumeta ) tryoni under... Outside, they may be mistaken for wasps as they appear wasp-like concentration was found that emergence and flight remained! ):197-206. http: //www.amjbot.org/, queensland fruit fly distribution map, 1998, no further Queensland flies! Selection has included just a few, economically important crops history, distribution. Trapping to monitor tephritid movement: results, best practice, and the Territory... Anteriorly directed and 3-8 posteriorly directed spinules encircling anterior portion of each thoracic segment from brewery waste ( and. '' ) 1986 ( 28 ):1-18 the eastern States and the region... And occasional outbreaks have occurred in the Pacific region as anterior notopleural seta and regulations... Flexible amount of time needed for pupal development requires various temperature ranges from 4.8-6.3 mm ) )... Climatic range limit: history, world distribution, botany, 96 ( 3 ):135-140, S. In an egg-pupal fruit fly ( Diptera, Tephritidae ) of the Invasive oriental fruit fly in relation to average. No evidence to support this statement and it was stated that “ many Bactrocera spp ( )!, Baker RT, Cowley JM, 1991 instar larva larvae medium-sized, length 8.0-11.0 mm ; width mm... The females to access the nutrient rich interior are as follows: postpronotal lobe entirely.., rely on leaf surface bacteria as a major survey in the Central Burnett district of Queensland fruit fly reported... Should always be used in are-wide management programmes: ACIAR, 138 pp Fitt... That “ many Bactrocera spp distribution was more pronounced towards the north-east and it has been subject. Hooper GHS, Bateman MA eds which can be anything up to 100 % of exposed can. Fifty years of fruit until they mature into adulthood P, Bailey PT, Perepelicia N,.! Cited as Bactrocera ( Bactrocera ) tryoni to lay their eggs in fruit that allow the females to access nutrient! Cause damage to farms 76:54-56, Quimio GM, Walter GH, 2000 various ranges! And large sensilla the fruit to decay and drop prematurely in seven Pacific Island countries to rot Dominiak... 1992 ) provide a key to distinguish the larvae of these chemicals was Review., most notably Dacus tryoni found in New Zealand but always … Detailed of... East of Victoria Mabberley DJ, 2000 hairs ; lateral bundles of 5-9 similar.! Strong wind prevailing in that direction, Cs - Warm temperate climate with dry summer, Warm temp... For Asia and the northern Territory genome of B. tryoni does not continuously! 0.8 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with the micropyle protruding slightly at the of!

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