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Weight-Volume Relationship from the Phase Diagram of Soil. Bulk SSD specific gravities can be on the order of 0.050 to 0.100 higher than bulk oven dry specific gravities, while apparent specific gravities can be 0.050 to 0.100 higher still. These values are then used to calculate bulk specific gravity, bulk SSD specific gravity, apparent specific gravity and absorption. W'= Submerged weight of soil in the heave zone per unit width of sheet pile U= Uplift force due to seepage on the same volume of soil 2 W'= D ( sat - w )/2= D 2 '/2, Where, D= is the depth of embedment into Permeable soil U= D2 . Bulk density is a commonly measured soil property by agriculturalists and engineers. Soil density is relatively simple and cheap to measure. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of unit volume of soil at a stated temperature to the mass of the same volume of gas-free distilled water at a stated temperature. PDF EXPERIMENT 4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY DETERMINATION - University of Illinois Lets solve an example; Since the specimen is completely wrapped when it is submerged, no water can get into it and a more accurate volume measurement is theoretically possible. Calculating the Density of Water when the Specific Gravity of Soil Particle and the Density of Soil is Given. Saturated unit weight is the weight of saturated soil per unit volume. The shrinkage limit of the specimen will be (adopt = 1.0 gm/cc) This question was previously asked in. Therefore, after the wax sets there is no possibility of it draining out and, theoretically, a more accurate volume can be calculated. Basic formula for density (note: m = W/g) S = Weight of Dry Piece Soaked in Fluid. Soil Mechanics Interview Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry It is an important parameter in soil mechanics for the calculation of the weight-volume relationship. Therefore, by definition, water at a temperature of 73.4F (23C) has a specific gravity of 1. TheSpecific gravity of soil generally ranges from 2.60 to 2.90. PDF 1. SCOPE KT-15 AASHTO T 166 AASHTO T 2 2.1. - Kansas Department of Compact the soil by dropping onto a padded surface like a book, notebook, etc. Unit Weight, The complete procedure can be found in: The mass of a coarse aggregate sample is determine in SSD, oven-dry and submerged states. Porosity is the ratio of the volume of the pores in a soil sample to the total volume of the sample: [latex]\text{Porosity, }=\frac{\text{volume of pores}}{\text{total soil volume}}[/latex]. When the soil contains particles larger than the 4.75-mm sieve, Test Method C127 shall be used for the soil solids retained on the 4.75-mm sieve and these test methods shall be used for the . V = Volume of the Soil = 4. This indicates that all the water has left the sample. SSD is defined as the specimen condition when the internal air voids are filled with water and the surface (including air voids connected to the surface) is dry. The bulk specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate, including the permeable and impermeable voids in the particles, to the weight of an equal volume of water ( Kandhal et al., 2000; Prowell and Baker, 2004; Sholar et al., 2005 ). First of all, we need to kind the density of the object. Mathematically , G = Ms / Mw = s / w = s / w Where, s = Density of Solid w = Density of Water s = Unit Weight of Solid w = Unit Weight of Water Calculating the Mass of the Soil when the Bulk Density and the Volume of the Soil is Given. Relation Between Degree of Saturation, Specific Gravity, Water Content, and Void Ratio The degree of saturation may be defined as the ratio of the volume of water in the soil mass to the volume of voids in the soil mass. Finally, the bulk specific gravity (OD) is the ratio of the ovendry mass of the particles to the mass of a volume of water equal to the gross volume of the particles: OD bulk w gross wnet wpores AA A A G VVV ACBABC which, again, is the formula given in the ASTM specification. Place the entire sample in a basket (Figure 8) and weigh it underwater (Figure 9). [4] 2 Use the relationship between volume and density to derive your equation. Question. From $\gamma = \dfrac{(G + Se)\gamma_w}{1 + e}$ and $\gamma = \dfrac{(G + Gw)\gamma_w}{1 + e}$, S = 0 and w = 0, Saturated Unit Weight (S = 1) If this water is not weighed, significant error can result. If the room temperature is different from 27 o C, the following correction should be done:-G' = kG where, G' = Corrected specific gravity at 27 o C What Is Specific Gravity Of Soil? - Dream Civil Liquids and gases are mostly water and air, respectively. The bulk specific gravity test is used to determine the specific gravity of a compacted HMA sample by determining the ratio of its weight to the weight of an equal volume of water. The image above represents specific gravity of soil particle. A quick check of the results should show that bulk specific gravity is the lowest specific gravity, bulk SSD specific gravity is in the middle and apparent specific gravity is the highest. Typically, aggregate used in HMA production will have an absorption between just above zero and 5 percent. ", e = void ratio (ratio of volume of voids to the volume of solids), no units, n = porosity (ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume), percentage (%), = bulk density (the ratio of the total mass to the total volume), ib/ft, ' = effective density (bulk density - density of water), ib/ft, = unit weight(ratio of the total weight (force) to the total volume), ksi or KPa, ' = buoyant unit weight or effective unit weight(unit weight - unit weight of water ), ksi or KPa. Android (Paid)https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.nickzom.nickzomcalculator Preparation of Soil Sample: A representative sample of soil of 12 kg mass is taken if the maximum size of the soil particle is less than 75 mm. The International Information Center for Geotechnical Engineers, Step-by-Step Guide for Grain Size Analysis, VertekCPT: All you need to know about Soil Liquefaction, Using Terzaghis Equation in Foundation Design, Geotechnical Engineering Lab Manual, by Prof. William A. Kitch (Angelo State University), A list of Videos on Laboratory Testing to support Online Instruction, Splitting Tensile Strength Test (Brazilian), Volumetric flask marked with a thin ring at a specific point of its neck (graduation mark), Weigh the empty and clean volumetric flask (. As you can see from the screenshot above,Nickzom Calculator The Calculator Encyclopedia solves for the bulk density and presents the formula, workings and steps too. The driving weight is raised and dropped repeatedly to drive the sampler into the soil. C = mass of SSD sample in water (g). This method of determining the specific gravity of soil given here is applicable for soils composed of particles smaller than 4.75 mm (No.4 U.S. sieve) in size. Place the core into a labeled, pre-weighed canister, and put on the lid. (d)min = dry unit weight of the soil at its loosest condition An incorrect bulk specific gravity value will result in incorrectly calculated air voids, VMA, VFA and ultimately result in an incorrect mix design. As mentioned in the background section, if a specimens air voids are high, and thus potentially interconnected (for dense-graded HMA this occurs at about 8 to 10 percent air voids), water quickly drains out of them as the specimen is removed from its water bath, which results in an erroneously low SSD weight, which leads to an erroneously low HMA sample volume measurement and thus an erroneously high bulk specific gravity. B = mass of SSD sample in air (g) The equations include corrections to factor in the specific gravity values for the fraction larger than the No.4 sieve size. Donald B Peck - Determining the Specific Gravity of a Mineral - Mindat.org There is no specification for bulk specific gravity, but it is used to calculate other specified parameters such as air voids, VMA and VFA. Bulk Specific Gravity Formula | Equation for Calculate Bulk Specific Specific weight - Wikipedia Describe the relationship between 1) bulk density and porosity and 2) particle density and porosity. w at 4C is 1gm/ml, 1000 kg/m 3 or 1 Mg/m 3 Basic Soil Relationships Calculating the Density of Soil when the Specific Gravity of Soil Particle and the Density of Water is Given. 4. Record the final weight of each canister (including the lid) plus oven-dry soil. Lets solve an example; V = Volume of soil The determination of the specific gravity method is as follows: The measuring flask with 1000ml capacity is weighed for the determination of its empty weight denoted by W 1. Therefore, texture and structure govern the amount of soil pore space. Specific Gravity of Solids The specific gravity of soil particles (G) is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of solids to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4 C. G = ? Example 4: Determine void ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation based on known volume, weight, and specific gravity (English units) Given: (metric units) Volume of soil mass: 0.0283 m 3. Density vs. Specific Weight and Specific Gravity - Engineering ToolBox Carefully cut between the two shorter rings and the main core. The procedure should last for about 2-3 minutes for sands and 10-15 minutes for clays. Each one uses a slightly different way to determine specimen volume and may result in different bulk specific gravity values. w s sws w w s s w s s M M . The gamma ray method is based on the scattering and absorption properties of gamma rays with matter. This lab is performed to determine the specific gravity of soil by using a pycnometer. Specific gravity of solid particles of soil is the ratio of the unit weight of solids (s) to the unit weight of water (w). The jar is now included with 100ml of mineral water. Degree of Saturation, S Clean and dry the inside (above the water level) and the outer part of the flask and weigh it (, Use the funnel to carefully place the soil into the flask and weigh it (. Though not critical, it is important that we know it. m = Mass of the Soil total volume = volume of soilds + volume of voids However, aggregate and asphalt binder volumes are diffucult to measure directly, therefore a materials weight is typically measured and then converted to a volume based on its specific gravity. Vv = Volume of voids Soil is composed of solids, liquids, and gases. Weigh and record weight (A). Remove all of sample within graduated cylinder. For instance, deleterious particles (Figure 2) are often lighter than aggregate particles and therefore, a large amount of deleterious material in an aggregate sample may result in an abnormally low specific gravity. Rolling up the aggregate into the towel and then shaking and rolling the aggregate from side to side is usually effective in reducing the sample to a SSD condition (Video 1). 1993 AASHTO Flexible Pavement Structural Design, 1993 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Structural Design, Climate Change Impacts on Pavements and Resilience, E-Construction in Practice: A Peer Exchange with WSDOT and TxDOT. Immerse the aggregate in water at room temperature for a period of 15 to 19 hours (Figure 7). Specific Gravity of Soil Test by Pycnometer Method. - CivilSeek But instead of having g in the formula, use the density of water replacing the unit weight of water. Therefore, thespecific gravity of soil particleis0.5. Remove the vacuum, clean and dry the flask and add distilled water up to the mark. Data Analysis. emax = void ratio of the soil at its loosest condition The final specific gravity is calculated following the specific gravity of soil formulas in the test method, along with the density of water and temperature coefficient tables. The complete procedure can be found in: Other standard tests available to determine bulk specific gravity that are not described in this section are: A compacted HMA sample (usually a SGC compacted laboratory sample or a field-obtained HMA core) is weighed dry, saturated surface dry (SSD) and submerged (Figure 1). Legal. Clean the specific gravity bottle well and dry it. m = Mass of the Soil The Specific Gravity of soils is usually between 2.65-2.80 with finer soils having higher values than coarser ones. To find the formula for density, divide the formula of unit weight by gravitational constant g (acceleration due to gravity). Bulk density is a commonly measured soil property by agriculturalists and engineers. Both use the aggregates oven dry weight. $\gamma = \dfrac{W}{V}$, $\gamma = \dfrac{\gamma_w V_w + \gamma_s V_s}{V_v + V_s}$, $\gamma = \dfrac{\gamma_w V_w + G \gamma_w V_s}{V_v + V_s}$, $\gamma = \dfrac{V_w + G V_s}{V_v + V_s}\gamma_w$, $\gamma = \dfrac{S V_v + G V_s}{V_v + V_s}\gamma_w$, $\gamma = \dfrac{S (V_v/V_s) + G (V_s/V_s)}{(V_v/V_s) + (V_s/V_s)}\gamma_w$, Moist unit weight in terms of dry density and moisture content 5. 3 days (from sample preparation to final dry weight determination). Dry unit weight is the weight of dry soil per unit volume. The following formula is used to calculate the specific gravity of a material. w = Water content or moisture content Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC. The voids, or pore space, are important for air and water movement and storage. Specific gravity can also indicate possible material contamination. The formulas for calculating bulk density and particle density follow: [latex]\text{Bulk density, }_\text{b}=\frac{\text{mass of oven dry soil}}{\text{total soil volume}}[/latex], [latex]\text{Particle density, }_\text{p}=\frac{\text{mass of oven dry soil}}{\text{volume of soil solids}}[/latex]. Web page on the Troxler web site. Your answer should be 1.5 g/cm 3. As you can see from the screenshot above,Nickzom Calculator The Calculator Encyclopedia solves for the specific gravity of soil particle and presents the formula, workings and steps too. Specific gravity & bulk density - alsglobal.com This discards small aggregate particles clinging to the retained large particles. Find the density of water? m = mass of soil 4 Ways to Calculate Porosity - wikiHow The soil sample is dried in an oven at a temperature of 105C to 110C. Q.What is the deference between specific gravity and bulk density of Now you're ready to calculate density. To compute for specific gravity of soil particle, two essential parameters are needed and these parameters areDensity of water (w)andDensity of soil (s). V = Volume of the Soil Remove the aggregate from the water and dry it until it maintains a constant mass. The bulk mass density is also called the wet mass density or simply bulk density. What is the range of bulk density values for an organic soil? Correct and accurate material specific gravity determinations are vital to proper mix design. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. An incorrect specific gravity value will result in incorrect calculated volumes and ultimately result in an incorrect mix design. Unit weight, $\gamma = s \gamma_w$, Specific gravity, $s = \dfrac{\gamma}{\gamma_w}$, Physical Properties 1. Clean and thoroughly dry a 100 mL graduated cylinder. Now, enter the values appropriately and accordingly for the parameters as required by the Mass of the soil (m)is 24 andVolume of the soil (V) is 6. Cool the aggregate to a comfortable handling temperature. Determine the water content within a soil sample - TheCivilEngineer.org w. The mass density of water ? This laboratory entails a demonstration of the use of a soil density sampler, and a problem set that is focused on common soil density calculations. Moisture content, usually expressed in terms of percentage, is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids. = Weight of soil solid in a given soil mass. This method determines volume similarly to the water displacement method but uses a melted paraffin wax instead of water to fill a specimens internal air voids (Figure 3). In practice, porosity is normally calculated using the formula: [latex]\text{Porosity, }=1-\frac{_\text{b}}{_\text{p}}[/latex]. (Note: Specific gravity of any element is unit less parameter). Take an average of 3 values these values should not vary by more than 2 to 3%. This method, the simplest, calculates the volume based on height and diameter/width measurements. These two (water and air) are called voids which occupy between soil particles. Total weight, $W = W_w + W_s$, Void ratio, $e = \dfrac{V_v}{V_s}$, Note: $0 \lt e \lt \infty$, Porosity, $n = \dfrac{V_v}{V}$, Note: $0 \lt n \lt 1$, Relationship between e and n, $n = \dfrac{e}{1 + e}$ and $e = \dfrac{n}{1 - n}$, Water content or moisture content, $w = \dfrac{W_w}{W_s} \times 100\%$, Note: $0 \lt w \lt \infty$, Degree of saturation, $S = \dfrac{V_w}{V_v}$, Note: $0 \le S \le 1$, Relationship between G, w, S, and e, $Gw = Se$, Moist unit weight or bulk unit weight, $\gamma_m = \dfrac{W}{V} = \dfrac{(G + Se)\gamma_w}{1 + e} = \dfrac{G( 1 + w)\gamma_w}{1 + e}$, Dry unit weight, $\gamma_d = \dfrac{W_s}{V} = \dfrac{G\gamma_w}{1 + e}$, Saturated unit weight, $\gamma_{sat} = \dfrac{(G + e)\gamma_w}{1 + e}$, Submerged or buoyant unit weight, $\gamma_b = \gamma_{sat} - \gamma_w = \dfrac{(G - 1)\gamma_w}{1 + e}$, Critical hydraulic gradient, $i_{cr} = \dfrac{\gamma_b}{\gamma_w} = \dfrac{G - 1}{1 + e}$, Relative Density, $D_r = \dfrac{e_{max} - e}{e_{max} - e_{min}} = \dfrac{\dfrac{1}{(\gamma_d)_{min}} - \dfrac{1}{\gamma_d}}{\dfrac{1}{(\gamma_d)_{min}} - \dfrac{1}{(\gamma_d)_{max}}}$, Atterberg Limits Void Ratio, e Particle density is a measure of the mass of soil solids per given volume (g/cm3 ); however, pore space is not included as it is with bulk density. And after that, we will find the specific gravity of the object. Bulk Specific Gravity Formula. Specific Gravity of Soil: Why it's Important - Gilson Co. UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL SOLIDS (? D = Density of Fluid. Aggregate absorption can also vary widely depending upon aggregate type. The specific gravity of solids, G is determined using following equation: G= (M2-M1)/[(M2-M1)-(M3-M4)] Where M 1 = mass of empty pycnometer M 2 = mass of pycnometer and dry soil M 3 = mass of pycnometer, soil, and water M 4 = mass of pycnometer filled with water only. Effective unit weight is the weight of solids in a submerged soil per unit volume. Correct and accurate bulk specific gravity determinations are vital to proper mix design. First, find the bulk density of the heavier soil sample. Answered: A sand sample has a bulk density of | bartleby The specific gravity (GS) of a soil refers to the ratio of the solid particles unit weight to the unit weight of water. Use the thermometer to derive the temperature of the water. v = volume of water / volume of bulk soil - ( m 3/m3) q v = q g r b /r l = r b q g 3. e = void ratio The basket should be pre-conditioned to the water bath temperature. specific gravity, also called relative density, ratio of the density of a substance to that of a standard substance. The following description is a brief summary of the test. Obtain a sample of coarse aggregate material retained on the No. The determination of SSD conditions can be difficult. The flow of liquids and through soil is essential for the existence of plants and other soil organisms. Required fields are marked *. Drying should occur in an oven regulated at 230F (110C). It is often found that the specific gravity of the materials making up the soil particles are close to the value for quartz, that is Gs 2.65 For all the common soil forming minerals 2.5 < Gs < 2.8 We can use Gs to calculate the density or unit weight of the solid particles s = Gs w s = Gs w Submerge sample in 77F (25C) water for 4 minutes and record the submerged mass . Certainly, the accuracy of all measurements is important. The following relationships are always true: Aggregate specific gravities (Gsb, Gsa,Gse and bulk SSD specific gravity ) are all Gmm(because Gmm includes the asphalt binder, which has a lower specific gravity than the aggregate), AASHTO T 85 and ASTM C 127: Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate. Therefore, by definition, water at 73.4F (23C) has a specific gravity of 1. Volume of voids, $V_v = \dfrac{eV}{1 + e}$, Volume of solids, $V_s = \dfrac{V}{1 + e}$, Volume of water, $V_w = \dfrac{SeV}{1 + e}$, Weight of water, $W_w = \dfrac{SeV \gamma_w}{1 + e}$, Weight of soil, $W = \dfrac{V(G + Se)\gamma_w}{1 + e}$, Dry unit weight, $\gamma_d = \dfrac{\gamma_m}{1 + w}$. The bulk specific gravity test measures a HMA sample's weight under three different conditions (Figure 1): Dry (no water in sample). Your email address will not be published. Weight of soil after dry in oven: 45.5 kg. In this case, use AASHTO T 275, Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Paraffin-Coated Specimens or AASHTO TP 69, Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method. sb= Bulk Density Soil is composed of solids, liquids, and gases. Once there are no visible signs of water film on the aggregate particle surfaces, determine the sample mass. Once, you have obtained the calculator encyclopedia app, proceed to theCalculator Map,then click onAgriculturalunderEngineering. W = weight of soil = density of soild = dry density of soilsat = saturated density of soil' = buoyant density of soilw = density of water Specific Gravity | Properties Of Soil | Soil Mechanics - ESE NOTES properties\specific gravity - calculator.org The sample will be held in the longer cylinder; the two 1.5 cm rings are spacers, which help ensure an undisturbed soil sample. Organic matter and porous particles may havespecific gravityvalues below 2.0 and Soil which has heavy substances or particles may have values above 3.0. However, direct volume measurements are difficult, therefore weight measurements are usually made and then converted to a volume based on material specific gravities. Now, Click on Soil Mechanics and Foundation underAgricultural, Now, Click on Bulk Density underSoil Mechanics and Foundation. PDF Chapter 3 A sand sample weighing approximately 150 ml is added in the flask and its mass is determined now W 2. This is because asphalt binder that is absorbed by the aggregate is not available to coat the aggregate particle surface and is therefore not available for bonding. Aggregate absorption is the increase in mass due to water in the pores of the material. Figure 5 shows major coarse aggregate specific gravity equipment. The following formulas are taken from unit weights of soil: $\rho_{sat} = \dfrac{(G + e)\rho_w}{1 + e}$, Where Find the mass of the soil when the bulk density is 10 and the volume of the soil is 4. sb = Bulk Density = 10 $\gamma_{sat} = \dfrac{W_{sat}}{V_{sat}}$, $e = \dfrac{n}{1 - n}$ and $n = \dfrac{e}{1 + e}$, MATHalino - Engineering Mathematics Copyright 2023. Download Solution PDF. Find the specific gravity of soil particle when the density of water is 22 and the the density of soil is 11. w = Density of Water = 22 Apple (Paid)https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/nickzom-calculator/id1331162702?mt=8 Bulk Density: Definition & Calculation - Study.com Measuring flask method Measuring flask is of 250 ml (or 500 ml) capacity . Density refers to a mass per unit volume. Bulk density is the density of a "bulk" of a substance, typically expressed in kg/m3 or similar. This method calculates specimen volume like the parafilm method but uses a vacuum chamber (Figure 5) to shrink-wrap the specimen in a high-quality plastic bag (Figure 6) rather than cover it in a paraffin film (Video 1). Add the second 25 mL of soil sample and stir again to remove air bubbles. $V_v = V_w + V_a$, total weight = weight of solids + weight of water First, you need to obtain the app. Void ratio is the ratio of volume of voids to the volume of solids. The equation used to calculate specific gravity is the weight of a dry sample in air divided by the weight of the sample in air minus the weight of the sample in water (i.e., the weight of water displaced by the sample). Geoengineer.org uses third party cookies to improve our website and your experience when using it. Soil Phase Diagram and Relationship Formulas - StructX W b = Weight of Pycnometer filled with water and soil. Place the sampler over the desired sampling location, and then drive it into the soil with the slide hammer at the top of the handle. NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure - defined as 20 o C (293.15 K, 68 o F) and 1 atm ( 101.325 kN/m2, 101.325 kPa, 14.7 psia, 0 psig, 30 in Hg, 760 torr); Molecular weights can be used to calculate Specific Gravity if the densities of the gas and the air are evaluated at the same pressure and temperature. Calculation Examples. Make sure to use cloth and not paper towels. 3. Gs = Specific Gravity of Soil Particle = 12 The bulk mass density of soil is defined as the ratio of total mass to total volume. Typical values for bulk specific gravity range from 2.200 to 2.500 depending upon the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate, the asphalt binder content, and the amount of compaction. These methods, based on Archimedes Principle, calculate specimen volume by weighing the specimen (1) in a water bath and (2) out of the water bath. This indicates that all the water has left the sample. Requirements: G S should not be confused with the soil density since it is a dimensionless unit and expresses the ratio of two particular densities. Although it avoids problems associated with the SSD condition, it is often inaccurate because it assumes a perfectly smooth surface, thereby ignoring surface irregularities (i.e., the rough surface texture of a typical specimen). w= Density of Water This implies that; w = Density of Water = 22 Weigh and record graduated cylinder plus compact soil weight (C). ( w) The mean density of water (default is 1,000 kg/m 3) Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. (Troxler). Now you have to learn some relations between these terms to solve any problem. Use a vacuum pump to gradually apply vacuum and remove the entrapped air while spinning the flask to remove the air bubbles. Quickly blot the sample with a damp towel and record the surface dry mass. Water Content or Moisture Content, w Cool the aggregate in air at room temperature for 1 to 3 hours then determine the mass. The formula for calculating bulk density: sb= Bulk Density Let, = Weight of soil solid in a given soil mass. Determine the weight of dry soil in the sample. (2000c). W = Total weight of soil Key Features: Most aggregates have a relative density between 2.4-2.9 with a corresponding particle (mass) density of 2400-2900 kg/m 3 (150-181 lb/ft 3). Particle density is similar to the specific gravity of a solid and is not impacted by land use. Android (Free)https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nickzom.nickzomcalculator Based on the temperature of the water that was recorded in the last step, the density of the distilled water w is derived through specific tables (i.e.,w=998.23 kg/m3 atT=20C). Known values: total mass of the soil sample, Mt=30.2 g, dry mass of the soil sample, Ms=23.3 g. air mass Ma is negligible. Accessed 1 July 2002. Relation Between Void Ratio, Water Content, Degree of Saturation & Specific Gravity In this article, we will make a formula or equation or relation between void ratio (e), water content (w), degree of saturation () and specific gravity (G). However, if the maximum size of the soil particle is 75 mm, 45 kg of the sample should be used for the test. The general values for specific gravity for different soils are given in Table -1.