10.1002/(SICI)1439-2054(20000301)276:1<1::AID-MAME1>3.0.CO;2-W, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramie&oldid=993929429, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 06:19. In the current scenario, there is no specialized spinning system in India is available for ramie and is spun in jute system. Removal of the gum enables the fibre to take a more crystalline form. Ramie is one of the oldest textile fibers. Naturally white and glossy, fabrics made from ramie fibers have a beautiful, lustrous appearance. The ramie plant is a hardy perennial belonging to the Urticaceae or … Nowadays, Ramie is used as a cotton substitute. Long staple fibres can be used for spinning, where as short fibres are using for the manufacture of papers, composites, non woven and other products. tenacissima), also referred as Chinese grass or white ramie, is a member of the Urticaceae family and principally produced in China, Japan, and several other South Asian countries. Jute is a long, soft, shiny bast fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. Decortication is to be done immediately after harvest and therefore, a harvesting schedule is planned in relation to the decortications capacity of the machines used. In the Chinese Hakka community, ramie leaves are called "chu yap (苧葉)," which is a main ingredient in making pancake-like dumplings with glutinous rice powder, sugar and water. Ramie is one of the oldest fiber crops, having been used for at least 6,000 years, and is principally used for fabric production. In some of the reported works, blending of 10-15% raw or ramie partially degummed ramie with jute helps to spin good quality yarns of finer count in the range of 100-105 tex. Other producing countries include Brazil, Philippines, Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Japan. The individual growers may not be in a position to make such investment for raising the crop. [3], Ramie has been grown in China for many centuries, and farmers in ancient China are known to have used the fiber to weave clothing. Because of its high molecular crystallinity, ramie is stiff and brittle and will break if folded repeatedly in the same place; it lacks resiliency and is low in elasticity and elongation potential. Unlike other bast crops, ramie requires chemical processing to de-gum the fiber. It was used in mummy cloths in Egypt during the period 5000 - 3000 BC, and has been grown in China for many centuries. The right time for harvesting is judged by the colour of the stems and the slowing down of their growth. Higher prices due to increased production costs. During eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, ramie cultivation became established in many areas of the western world. Its durability is high. The ribbons of partially separated but not yet degummed fibre, are known as “China grass” and it is in this form that ramie is normally exported from China to European and other markets. NP-PL degummed ramie fiber better than PL at 24 and 48 h treatment. Mainly, it is used for the production of fiber. Completed B.Sc. Third, the residual cortex material is washed, dried, and degummed to extract the spinnable fiber. There is no international grading system is available for grading of ramie fibre and the grading is done as per the standards developed by the ramie producing countries. Generally caustic soda is used for degumming process. Ramie is one of the oldest textile fibers. Ramie is one of the oldest fiber crops, having been used for at least 6,000 years, and is principally used for fabric production. Hand and eye method and instrumental method. Due to the presence of gum, the fibre becomes stiff and brittle. It is similar to linen in absorbency, density, and microscopic appearance. Other producers include Japan, Taiwan, the … [5], Brazil began production in the late 1930s with production peaking in 1971. Textile, 7 (1): 1-9, 2017. Brazil began production in the late 1930s with production peaking in 1971 with about 30,000 t. [10] Only a small percentage of the ramie produced is available on the international market. Colour, strength, softness, length, fibre separation and defects (major, minor). The best cleaned ribbons on arrival in the mill contain at least 10-15% of gummy matter, whereas the poorer qualities contain 20-30% and this must be extracted. Ramie is one of the oldest fiber crops, having been used for at least 6,000 years, and is principally used for fabric production. Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Ramie fiber is collected from the bark of the vegetable stalks. Hons ( Horticulture ), The blended yarns have good scope in the areas like home furnishing, upholstery and industrial fabrics. Only a small percentage of the ramie produced is available on the international market. Instead, it must first undergo a severe pounding or scraping to remove the outer bark, which is administered by hand or by one of the many types of decorticating machines. During grading, the following parameters are to be checked. If the stems are allowed to become too mature, lignification takes place. It is also made into fabrics for household furnishings (upholstery, canvas) and clothing, frequently in blends with other textile fibers (for instance when used in a mixture with wool, shrinkage is reported to be greatly reduced when compared with pure wool). The market prize of ramie fibre is determined by grading system. Farmers have been using their fiber to weave clothing. One of the oldest crops ever used for fiber, Ramie has been around for a minimum of 6,000 years. Normally, ramie is harvested twice or thrice annually. It has smaller leaves which are green on the underside, and it appears to be better suited to tropical conditions. Ramie is normally harvested two to three times a year, but under good growing conditions can be harvested up to six times per year. of Agriculture) ; no. Production of Ramie Fibre- Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), commonly known as China grass, white ramie, green ramie and rhea, is one of the group referred to as the bast fiber crops. The decorticator consists of a beater or breaker plate and a metal drum, which is equipped with steel beater blades or knives that are set at equal intervals on the periphery of the drum. This fiber was growing in china in the past. The ramie leaves give the dumplings a dark green colour and unique aroma. The extracted fibres contain approximately 25-30% gum. Unlike other bast crops, ramie requires chemical processing to de-gum the fiber. [1] The word "ramie" is derived from the Malay word rami.[2]. It is a bast fiber, and the fiber used for textiles comes from the inner bark (phloem) of the vegetative stalks and not the woody stem or outer bark. It is produced from flowering plants in the genus Corchorus, which is in the mallow family Malvaceae.The primary source of the fiber is Corchorus olitorius, but it is considered inferior to Corchorus capsularis. " Its single fiber is long, the strength is the largest, moisture absorption and moisture dispersing are quick, heat conduction performance is good, white after gluing has mermerization, can be pure spinning, and can also be mixed with cotton, silk, wool, chemical fiber, etc.. The ribbons of ramie, on their arrival at the factory, are greenish yellow to yellowish-white strips. The leaves give the cake its distinct color, flavor and fragrance. Asian J. First, the cortex (bark) is removed; this can be done manually or by machine. It is one of the strongest fiber then others. Because of this variable length, before the fibre is subjected to spinning process, it is cut in to uniform size. Second, the cortex is scraped to remove most of the outer bark, the parenchyma in the bast layer and some of the gums and pectins. It has strong ability to hold shape, reduce wrinkle. The true ramie or China grass is also called Chinese plant or white ramie. A number of small machines have been designed in various countries with the objective of extracting bast fibre from the green stems of jute and similar fibre plants and thus eliminating the need of retting. The bark ribbon is then dried as quickly as possible, preventing bacteria and fungi from attacking it. This enables the core to be broken and the cortex can be stripped from the plant in situ. Ramie is a vegetable fiber that has been exploited for human use for thousands of years. Fiber. Other producers include Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Brazil. The bast of ramie cannot be removed from the woody tissue in which it is embedded by a simple retting process such as is used for flax, hemp and jute. It is also made into fabrics for household furnishings and clothing, frequently in blends with other textile fibres. Global Ramie Fiber Market analyzes the impact followed by restraints and opportunities and projected developments (2020-2026) Global Ramie Fiber Market industry analysis and forecast 2020–2026 delivering key insights and providing a competitive advantage to clients through a detailed report.The rapidly changing market scenario and initial and future assessment of the impact is … Like linen, it’s a bast fiber – part of the stalk is separated from the plant and woven into yarn.It’s also similar to linen in that the fiber is relatively brittle and creases easily and ramie … It may have been used in cloth for wrapping mummies in Egypt. A combined process technology for degumming and bleaching for ramie fibre in a single bath is under progress in NIRJAFT (National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology), Kolkata. Ramie (also referred to as China grass, grass linen, and grass cloth) is a bast fiber crop. The French painter Raoul Dufy designed in the early 20th century patterns for prints on mechera used by the French shirtmaker Charvet. Other articles where Ramie fabric is discussed: ramie: Ramie fabric was used in ancient Egypt and was known in Europe during the Middle Ages. Properties of Ramie Fibers: The properties of ramie fibers are given below: Ramie is a cellulosic natural fiber. From the figure it is observed that after the chemical treatment, the fibres are found to be clean. As mentioned above, ramie is not retted in the same way as are other stem fibres such as jute, hemp, flax, etc., because the pectinous substances in ramie are far more difficult to remove or break down than those present in these other fibres. It is extremely long - its size reaches 580 mm, and the average length is 125 mm. Ramie is normally harvested two to three times a year, but under good growing conditions can be harvested up to six times per year. What is Ramie? The quality of decortication and fibre recovery also depend largely on the efficiency of the operator as well as condition of the plants. Ramie fibre, also known as China grass, and ramie fabric, variously known as grass linen, grass cloth, or China linen, have … The decorticated and chemically degummed fibres. In principle, any machine which is used for sisal or kenaf decortications can be adjusted for ramie. CUltivation practices of ramie Tensile strength of jute/ramie blended (50:50) yarn under normal dry and wet conditions were found to be better as compared to 100% jute yarn. A 4.5-ton crop yields 1,600 kg/ha/year of dry undegummed fiber. Currently National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology (NIRJAFT) is working for the development of a new grading system for ramie fibre. Taiwan's aboriginal people have used ramie for millennia in fabric production and ramie is still used to create traditional garb which is worn in the festivals which have not been banned (mostly related to decapitation and stabbing enemy captives). These glutinous rice powder dumplings are known as "ban (粄)" in Hakka or "Cha Kwo (茶棵)" in Cantonese, similar to another Southeast Asian delicacy otherwise known as Kuih. Cambridge University Press. "Ramie" . Have lovingly 75%blended Wool, 10%Ramie fiber 15%Nep Fibre or 50% Wool 20% Alpaca 30% Bamboo together to produce a timeless tweed yarn that is perfect for simple stitches, as well as sophisticated lace or cable patterns. Ramie fibre will be graded before taken in to processing industry. World production of ramie fiber (ton) 2. Ramie is most often blended with other fibres for its unique strength, absorbency, lustre and dye affinity. Ramie was used to produce an open-weave fabric called mechera, used for shirts and dressing gowns suitable for warm climates. Ramie is one of the oldest fiber crops, having been used for at least 6,000 years, and is principally used for fabric production. Greater utilization of ramie may depend upon development of improved processing methods and the need to find plastic alternatives.[9]. The fibre is derived from the inner bast tissues of the stem. Ramie is also suitable for blending with both natural and synthetic fibres in different proportions. The process of removal of gum from the fibre is known as degumming. It was used in mummy cloths in Egypt during the period 5000-3000 BC and has been grown in China for many centuries. The stems of ramie grow to a height of 1 - 2.5m. After the fibre has been submitted to the degumming action, it is thoroughly washed and dried. It is a bast fiber, and the fiber used for textiles comes from the inner bark (phloem) of the vegetative stalks and not the woody stem or outer bark. Degumming can be done with chemicals like sodium hydroxide or with enzymes or with microbial action. The separated cells of ramie, known as “filasse” although white and clean, are still somewhat harsh and dry. Blogger of Innovative Agriculture. The tenacity, wet strength, extensibility are increases. The production process of ramie is almost the same as that of hemp or linen. Harvesting is done either by manually or by using mechanical harvesters. Attempts have been made by various researchers to spin ramie in blends with jute, silk, viscose and polyester fibres using jute and woollen spinning systems. Related Titles. In Vietnam, ramie leaves are called "cây lá gai," which is a main ingredient in making "bánh gai" or "bánh ít lá gai," a Vietnamese glutinous rice cake. As with all fabrics, handling gently prolongs the life of the fabric. Ramie is originated from China, India, and Indonesia and has been used thousands of years, making it one of the oldest fiber crops. The crop is generally propagated vegetatively, using rhizome or stem cuttings. By Decorticators developed for ramie include small mobile types suitable for use in the field and larger machines designed for central operation. It is important that ramie should be harvested at the right time if the best fibre is to be obtained. Ramie is a fiber made from a plant of the same name – a member of the nettle family. However, the process of separating the fiber from the plant stem’s bark and woody portions requires significant hand labor or mechanized processing. Ramiè (the ramia) is an ancient natural fiber of vegetable origin derived from horticultural plants, the complex processing of the textile fiber makes ramie very rare in fashion, where we can highlight its use mainly in small tailoring companies. 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[ 2 ] by... Other textile fibres 100 % ramie should be immediately dried or degummed to the! Some or all are needed to separate the raw fiber from the plant is about years. The main importers, the plants should be cut when the flower to... Substitute for traditional linen tape Republic and Japan ramie may depend upon of! Degummed to extract the spinnable fiber in principle, any machine which is to! ( Gingelly ) linen fiber as an ornamental plant in eastern Asia ramie is also made into fabrics household! Than cotton need to find plastic alternatives. [ 2 ] above 95 % harvested twice or annually. Leaf ramie a vegetable fiber that has been grown in China for many centuries for use! Operated in England, France and Germany towards the end of the fibres are sorted into three lengths,,! Include small mobile types suitable for use in the past lignification takes place fruit and vegetables peels 50! 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