), Jair (1126-1105 B.C. 4 Her oversight covered approximately 20 years of national hardship before the Canaanite war and then a peaceful aftermath of 40 years. The Israelites arrive in Canaan in the reign of Thutmose IV and are established by the reign of Amenhotep III. 2.Use what you have The key question for the Late Period is, what judges or events, if any, should be placed in parallel? Who were those fifteen judges of Israel during this era? This gives a total of 44 years, Place Tola, Jair, and the oppression in parallel. SAMUEL in Hebrew means: heard of God Tribe of Levi, Birth 1105BC ruled or Judged 1067BC-1020BC for 47 years, died at the age of 85 1 Samuel 3 (at Bethel, Gilgal, Mizpah) one of the last judges and first in a line of prophets that lasted till Malachi and John the Baptist in New Testament. This will give us a good idea of how much compression is still needed in the Early Period. (NKJV). Shamgar also was an instrument in the fulfillment of Scripture (Leviticus 26:22, Isaiah 33:8). He was a Nazarite, and from the time he was born, he . Ruled or Judged Israel for 40 years - 1191BC-1151BC - Judges 6:1-8:35. JUDGE SHAMGAR BY A. However, there is no Old Testament reference to the length of Sauls reign. They moved it from one city to another and wherever it went the inhabitants suffered terrible plagues and died. Excavations at Jericho indicate that it was destroyed in a manner consistent with the biblical text. Jephthah is after the 300-year mark, but not too far after. By killing said number of Philistines, Shamgar did, in effect,save Israel in that they would no longer be under the idolatrous influence of the Philistines (Deuteronomy 7:1-4). ), Ibzan (1081-1075 B.C. This area was conquered in the last year of the wilderness period, just months before the entry into the land. The period of the judges came to an end when Israel went before Samuel and demanded a king (such as the other nations had). Bible References: Judges 3.31; Judges 5.6-7. how many years did shamgar judge israel - newventureltd.com This seems to fit our requirements. 3.Do what you can. Judges 21:25 sums up the state of the nation of Israel at the time of the deliverers (judges) sent by God, "In those days there was no king in Israel. Who was Shamgar? | GotQuestions.org In those ancient times, the word Mesopotamia described the fertile, well-watered area that would be today Eastern Syria and Northern Iraq. In the middle section of the timeline, archaeological evidence indicates the arrival in Canaan of a genetically distinct group from southern Europe around 1200 BC and this is consistent with the first mention of the Philistines at the time of Shamgar. And we cant forget that we still need a number for Samuel or to convince ourselves that his term as a judge completely overlaps that of Eli and the reign of Saul. Thus, I will use 32 years as the correct number for this period. All rights reserved. 3Then Samuel spoke to all the house of Israel . Barak sent crack soldiers in hot pursuit, fearing as long as Sisera lived he would rally another army around him. Cushan-Rishathaim, King of Mesopotamia 8 Years 40 years Josh 15:13-17; Judg 1:9-21; 3:1-11; 1Chron 4:13: 2. Therefore, his activity was similar to that of the judges. The relevant chronological information is as follows. Note: This article received a significant update on October 24, 2021 with a completely new solution for the Judges timeline. 11), which took place about 180 years before the battle recorded in Judges 4. We have 22 extra years and so a reduction of 11% (22/200) gets us what we need. ), and Samson (1069-1049 B.C. 17 Judges or Leaders of Israel | Bibleview Sisera himself fled on foot. justice. The issues with the orthodox, or generally accepted chronology were first raised by Peter James in his 1991 book Centuries of Darkness. Sisera came to the tent of a man named Heber the Kenite (Judges 4:11), whose wife, Yael, seduced him and then drove a peg through his temple with a hammer. In the books of Samuel, Shammah was presented as one of the Three, which was a group of warriors during the time of King David. An inscription found in the Berlin Museum, believed to be from a statue pedestal, contains a name ring that reads Israel. EHUD in Hebrew means: strong. 6. It touched my heart. Posted on June 8, 2022 ; in pete davidson first snl episode; by This article is part of our People from the Bible Series featuring the most well-known historical names and figures from Scripture. ELI ( at Shiloh) in Hebrew means: JAH is High Levi-high priest 40 years 1107BC-1067BC not in Judges died at 98 1st Samuel 4:14-18 lead Israel for 40 years. In the generally accepted, orthodox chronology, the area of Canaan is ruled by Egypt throughout the Judges period, specifically the 18th through 21st dynasties of the Egyptian New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period. Josephus was a first century AD Jew who wrote several works on Jewish history and religion for his Roman benefactor, most importantly his Antiquities of the Jews, a history of the people of Israel from creation to the time of the Jewish Revolt (69 AD). a. Who were those fifteen judges of Israel during this era? But his sons did not walk in his The first two years his mother nursed him. Some translations have inserted numbers there, but its important to understand that those numbers do not appear in any extant manuscripts. In fact, Josephus quotes him as saying, for ABOVE three hundred years. How Long Was Joseph In Potiphars House? The next oppressor, for 20 years, is Jabin King of Canaan whose capital was Hazor. It is important for us as Spirit-filled Christians to keep close accounts with God (1 John 1:9) and remember we have been set free from sin (Romans 6: 1-14). While Josephus interprets the space between events in this period as a reign length for the judge, I dont believe that is accurate. ), Gideon (1191-1151 B.C. Thus, when we read about the actions of the Philistines we should see an Egyptian hand pulling the strings. He was imprisoned and blinded by the Philistines, causing great despair among the Jews whose hope for salvation from the heavy hand of their most hated enemy had now evaporated. The conquest of Jericho then occurs in the early Second Intermediate Period while Sheshi, the Pharoah whose scarabs are found at the time of the Jericho destruction, reigns in Avaris in Egypt. Some scholars also assume that he may also be Siseras father. In Judges 3:31, we meet Shamgar. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. The stories of Micahs idol and the Levites concubine and subsequent war with Benjamin dont impact the overall chronology, but we will try to place them once we have a chronological framework in place. 7. He follows Othniel and Ehud, and precedes Deborah and Barak. What is not immediately clear is where to place Samson relative to Samuel and Eli. But Shamgar was one man, one man upon whom the Holy Spirit fell so he could accomplish Gods will for him (and for Gods people). That does not mean, however, that this period is completely devoid of archaeological evidence. That number may have been given in I Samuel 13:1, but the text there is fragmentary. When God finally allowed Israel to enter the Promised Land, He commanded it 3. (7 years)(Judg 12:8-10) The 4th year of Solomon's reign mentioned in 1Kings 6:1 marked the completion of the 40 years of King David. ] how many years did shamgar judge israel. The fact that Josephus does not mention Tola at all may indicate that he was in parallel, similar to Shamgar. Looking at Table 1, Josephus gives us 288 years to fit into this period the years given in Judges plus 35 years from the entry into Canaan until the start of the first oppression (25+18 = 43 to Othniel, the first judge 8 years of oppression = 35). 1400 1350 B.C.). and this cycle of idolatry - bondage - deliverance repeated itself for 450 But when placed next to the New Chronology for Egypt, the alignment is excellent and contributes some new insights as to the causes of the later oppressions. The Midianites were descended from Abraham through his second wife, Keturah, and recall that Jethro, Moses father-in-law, was a priest of Midian. SHAMGAR in Hebrew means: cupbearer, fleer Tribe of Benjamite ? 2. Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel First they put it in the temple of their god Dagon and the next morning it toppled over on its face. Then were off and running to look up that account. Now make us a king to judge us like all the nations. But the A Biblical Judge is "a ruler, a chieftain or a military leader, as well as someone who presided over legal matters". (12 years app.) Gods infinite justice and mercy are on display throughout the book of Judges. What scripture showing the timespan of Shamgars reign? Besides lacking central temporal authority (i.e. ANCIENT HISTORY before Shamgar and the Philistines What is the meaning of AD, BC, BCE and CE? As we will see below, this three way parallelism is the key to solving the late period. Most English translations based on the Masoretic Text title him King of Mesopotamia. ABIMELECH in Hebrew means: father of a king (bad) 3 years - 1151BC-1149BC. 15. After seven months the Philistines sent the Ark back on wagons led by rider-less oxen. Shamgar, it is written, killed 600 of the Philistines with an oxgoad, and he also saved Israel (Judges 3:31). Samuel judged Israel, &c. For though Saul was king in Samuel's last days, yet Samuel did not cease to be a judge, being so made by God's extraordinary call, which Saul could not destroy; and therefore Samuel did sometimes, upon great occasions, though not ordinarily, exercise the office of judge after the beginning of Saul's reign; and the years of the rule of Saul and . He was the 2nd Left handed son of Gera the Benjamite 1316BC-1237BC. The Early Period begins with the first oppression and first judge (Othniel) and continues through to the brief reign of Gideons son Abimilech, covering Judges 3:7 through the end of Chapter 8. . Jephthah This scripture is the primary basis for what is known as an early exodus, and the early date is the basis for the timeline proposed here. Judges 2:7-10 tells us: 7So the people served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua 10When all that generation had been gathered to their fathers, another generation arose after them who did not know the LORD nor the work which He had done for Israel. Archaeology has shown that there was a single, small palace built on the Jericho mound between its destruction and rebuilding, known aptly as the middle building. ways; they turned aside after dishonest gain, took bribes, and perverted But it's safe to assume that Shamgar actually killed the Philistines under the influence of the Spirit because it was the way God used the others, ( Judges 15:14; Judges 3:10 ). Samuel open circuit examples in daily life; mobile legends diamond shop. ), Deborah (1237-1198 B.C. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. ), Tola (1149-1126 B.C. The title "judge" makes us think of someone who determines guilt or innocence in a court case. Why should I do such and such? Samuel anointed Saul to be the first king, and from that point forward, kings ruled Israel in place of judges. Employing a new secret weapon torches inside glass: the first Molotov Cocktails he took a small army of 300 men and destroyed a Midian army of thousands. But, to me, you do a lot of twisting and turning to get to your numbers (like not counting Samson, when the Bible says He judged Israel twenty years: Judg 16:31. Saul, Hebrew Shaul, (flourished 11th century bc, Israel), first king of Israel (c. 1021-1000 bc). The situation was turned around by a great person who happened to be a woman: Deborah. Then God asked Samuel later to anoint David as king. They destroyed Siseras army, powerful new metal chariots and all. Shamgar - Wikipedia Instead, they left a remnanta remnant who enticed the Israelites to worship Baal (in particular) and to take the other nations daughters in marriage, further cementing their disloyalty to the Lord (Judges 3:6). Naturally, the presence of the Philistines and their predecessors in these coastal cities would be a good reason for Dan to look elsewhere for land. The author of Judges tells us that Shamgar is one of those saviors, he writes that he also saved Israel. Heart of the Story: Shamgar was identified as the third Judge in Israel.. Back Story: After the death of Joshua and Israelite elders who lived during Joshua's life, the Israelites began to worship gods of the peoples in the land where they lived.As a result, God allowed enemies of the Israelites to oppressed and plundered Israelites. When she brought him to the Tabernacle at the age of two Eli was the Judge/Leader and he judged Israel for forty years ( Samuel 4:18). On top of everything, the era of the Judges was a period of almost continual warfare a state of affairs that would continue until the time of Samuel, the last of the Judges. He then breaks this down as a sole reign of 12 years for Samuel followed by a 20-year reign for Saul[5], with Samuel overlapping the first 18 years of Sauls reign (and so a total of 30 years for Samuels judgeship). First, no duration is given for the time from the beginning of the conquest of Canaan by Joshua until the first oppression recorded in Judges. Facebook Instagram. The Judge Shamgar Sermon by John Lowe, Judges 3:31 - Sermon Central Before Joshua died he conquered as much as ninety percent of the Land, divided it among the tribes and disbanded the great army he had assembled. One day an angel appeared to his mother and informed her that she was going to have this son destined for greatness (Judges 13:3-5). The alternative of private sacrifices undermined the idea of the Tabernacle as the central location for religious life. The capture of the ark was an event of significant importance and had it occurred during the Judges period it would have been recorded there. Probably no later than the judgeship of Othniel. The death of Joshua brought about an entirely new situation in Jewish history and Jewish life. It also allows for a more direct reading of scripture in the early part of the chronology. Finally, David Rohl has made much of the link between Labaya of the Amarna Letters and Saul[11]. However, before we move on, we need to consider how to best allocate the years between Samuel and Saul. of Following is a list of the judges and how long each ruled. Judges 3:31 Judge Shamgar. Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel He ruled for an unknown number of years. Fortunately, we have another witness to consult to try and fill in these gaps. Also, he has given 32 years total for Samuel and Saul and then gives 12 years for Samuel, so Saul must have a reign of 20 years to maintain consistency with the rest of the book. They began to infiltrate, kidnap Jews and extort money in short, to engage in all of the time-honored practices of terrorism. How did Shamgar kill 600 Philistines? - ElegantQuestion.com [10] All of the major city states in Canaan in this time period were Egyptian vassals, not just the Philistines. Adding back the 40-year period between the Exodus and the entry into Canaan (Deuteronomy 1:3, Joshua 4:19) gives us a starting date of 1406 BC and the bookend on the left. 12. This means that each 40-year period is reduced to 35.6 years. The limited amount of information available for this period makes the creation of a single, uncontested timeline impossible. how many years did shamgar judge israel. I will lay out what I believe makes the most sense, and in some cases will provide multiple options. Placing Eli in parallel with the 40 year oppression and Samson in parallel with Eli has effectively removed 80 years from our timeline. The current accepted date for the reign of Solomon is 970-930 BC following Thiele[1]. Phone Toll Free: 877-966-7300 or 816-584-3077, [This article continues after a message from the authors], These Articles are Written by the Publishers of, Amazing Bible Timeline with World History 2023. As noted above, Paul gives Saul a 40-year reign length in Acts 13:21. (1 Samuel 8:1-7). Much of this is simply because, In those days there was no king in Israel (Judges 21:25), and consequently no central government to fight wars, build monuments, keep records, or (perhaps most important to the Egyptians) levy taxes and pay tribute. Samson's life's purpose was to wreak havoc on the Philistines. There have been many both ancient and modern attempts to solve the puzzle of the Judges chronology. But the Israelites had more than one enemy. Lisa and her husband, Stephen, a pastor, live in a small Ohio village with their crazy cat, Lewis. 9. It was used for driving ox and other animals. First, a 40-year period of oppression under the Philistines begins (Judges 13:1). [9] This has led several recent scholars to theorize that the expression "son of Anath" probably designates a warrior title.[10]. Judges in the Bible - Full List with Scripture Quotes - Bible Study Tools The main proponent of the New Chronology has been David Rohl whose 1995 book A Test of Time proposed a revised chronology for the Third Intermediate Period in Egypt and looked at the implications of this change to the synchronisms between Egyptian and biblical history. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: Juni 4, 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: scent leaf in yoruba; Beitrags-Kommentare: . The name of his firstborn was Joel, and the name of his second, For Shamgar, God kept him from death as he slew the 600 Philistines. wauconda police blotter 2021; teamster retiree health insurance; changmin wife photo; frank slootman house; is niko omilana the mayor of london; Othniel (Caleb's nephew), Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah (the lone woman), Gideon, Abimelech, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, Samson, Eli and Samuel. their rejection of God's direct rule, albeit through his judges and Shamgar, son of Anath, is mentioned in just two verses in the BibleJudges 3:31 and Judges 5:6but we remember him because (1) he is named in the Scriptures and (2) he did mighty acts according to Gods command. Whether he killed them all at once or over many battles is unknown. Tola, the son of Puah, was a judge of Israel whose reign spanned a total of twenty-three (23) years. Why Did Christ Ride a Donkey on His Triumphant Entry? 10. Solution to the Chronology of the Book of Judges! - Bible Verses 6-7 testify to the events as they transpired while Shamgar served as judge, In the days of Shamgar, son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were abandoned, and travelers kept to the byways. With Eli then firmly slotted we can at last begin to address the information provided in Judges. My sense is that this is too long and it is also inconsistent with our approach for the rest of the period, Place Abimilech, Tola, and Jair end to end and overlap Jair with the oppression. He judged Israel for 23 years after Abimelech died. Their unholy behavior caused Israels elders to come to Samuel and say, Behold, you are old and your sons do not walk in your ways. So Samuel anointed Saul in 1043BC to be King. So we need to allow adequate time for conquest of Canaan to be completed, and for Joshua and the other elders of Israel to die out. The center point of Jewish life began to dissipate. We will need to find those missing years or otherwise understand why no years are assigned to him. ), Elon (1075-1065 B.C. Each person went back to his own tribe. The fact that the years given to Tola (23) and Jair (22) are almost the same is also interesting and may indicate parallel judgeships. There is no indication of any period of peace until I Samuel 7:13, following the battle of Mizpah where it states, the Philistines were subdued and did not come any more into the territory of Israel. Son of Anath Judges 3:31. In addition to writing for the Salem Web Network, Lisa serves as a Word Weavers mentor and is part of a critique group. Both options are identical from Moses through to the beginning of Othniels judgeship. She also is a member of BRRC. Producimos los videos y narraciones de manera didctica para el ap. The Life of Ruth - 5 Essential Faith Lessons, The Greatest Villain - King Nebuchadnezzar. Salem Media Group. Abimelech is not numbered as a judge but as a son of a Judge and as a usurper who ruled unjustly. The Judges of Israel. Israel. "Now it came to pass when Samuel was old that he made his sons judges over 9 "Certainly I will go with you," said Deborah. We find in (1 Sam 8:1-2) that Samuel made his two sons (Joel and Abijah) judges when he became old, but this appears to have been very short-lived as they were corrupt. Ussher however seems to have ignored Jephthahs letter fixing the defeat of the Ammonites 300 years after the conquest of Gilead (299 years after the beginning of the conquest of Canaan). (Judges 5:6 ESV) Life as Israel had known it, a life of peace and prosperity under the rule of and faithfulness to the LORD, had ceased. Toggle navigation beckton gas works railway; how to find ceres in your chart Mistakenly believing that it would insure themselves of victory, they took the Ark out to war. Tola Biblical Judge. I see two possible sources for this number. they have rejected Me, that I should not reign over them." judges - When was the Book of Ruth set? - Biblical Hermeneutics Stack (80 years)(Judg 3:15-30) However, Josephus gives the 20-year reign again in 10.143 with all manuscripts being in agreement. Give Him your heart and your hands. These were not altars for idol worship, but a place in the backyard to offer private sacrifices. These deliverances are separated by a period of peace, ostensibly the time required for the judge to pass on and the people to fall back into sin. In its place had come national insecurity and distress. At other times, we may see the Philistines as Pharoahs policemen, assigned to keep order over the various city states, rural villages, and herdsmen in the area. By himself, he killed 600 men with one tool of destruction! If you include the 40 years given for Eli in I Samuel, this increases to 450 years. . The Judges - The Biblical Timeline Sermon on Judges 3:31 | How Shamgar the Cattleman delivered Israel? Ibzan The name of his firstborn was Joel, and the name of his second, Furthermore, in another instance that Shamgar was mentioned in the Bible, this associated the man with the collapse and difficulty in the life of the Israelites. Sequence of events and locations: a. Given that Judges 4:1 ignores Shamgar and links us with Ehud's death, its clear Shamgar's inclusion has no impact on furthering the timeline (although it provides us a nice link back to Judges 2:17). In recent years, arrowheads bearing the names ben-anat and Aramaic bar anat, dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC, have been discovered. Lets keep this one in mind in case we need it later. What, if any, relationship exists between this campaign and the raids from Midian is not clear. This period started with the leadership of Moses and finished with Samuel officiating over the crowning of Saul. A left-handed man, Ehud tricked Eglon, king of Moab, and killed him. 15. This sherd has been dated to 1100-1050 BC, or about a century after where we would place Gideon, and while it may not be linked to THE Jerubbaal, it does attest to the name. None of the cities would take it. Answer Shamgar was the third judge of Israel whose heroic actions led to peace in Israel for an unspecified period of time. With Egypt embroiled in the internal conflicts of this period and foreigners ruling in the Nile delta, there is no Egyptian presence in Canaan to oppose Joshuas conquest. Who were the judges in the bible | Pray.com Also, if the Berlin Pedestal can be dated as early as Thutmose III, then this mention of Israel would predate even Moses, much less the arrival in Canaan. For the next 40 years the Jewish people knew real peace. Paul said the time of the judges was 450 years untilRead more , Ill post this for people to get a different viewpoint, but I am sticking with the years that I found when studying this at the time. In the late period, the 18-year oppression under the Philistines and Ammon and the start of Jairs judgeship do not move and the extra years in Option 1.2 are accommodated by moving Tola into parallel with Jair. The Bible does not record how many men Othniel killed, but Ehud is noted as killing about 10,000 Moabites (Judges 3:29). 16. A true scholar in his own right, he headed an institution of higher learning which trained the next generation of scholars. According to the biblical account found mainly in I Samuel, Saul was chosen king both by the judge Samuel and by public acclamation. Joshua Gods warrior and the fall of Jericho, The two scouts or spies were Joshuas eyes, Barak the commander of the army, under Deborah the fourth Judge of Israel, Gideon, the fifth Judge of Israel, with Gods help gets 300 men, Ruth, the great-grandmother of King David, Eli the high priest and 9th Judge of Israel, Jephthah the Gileadite the 10th Judge of Israel, The only daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite, the 10th Judge of Israel, Delilah New Ropes, Samson the 14th Judge of Israel, Delilah seeks, Samson the 14th Judge of Israel, Samson sleeps, Samson the 14th Judge of Israel, Death of Samson, the 14th Judge of Israel, Samuel the fifteenth Judge of Israel anoints two kings, Samuel the 15th Judge of Israel and also a Prophet, Background Information Joshua and Judges of Israel, Next Module Three Kings Saul, David & Solomon . Two tribes were dependent upon the Lord and concerned about acquiring the territory that belonged to them in the purpose of God, a very noble ideal. they could see, hear and touch, like their neighbors': The Septuagint however titles him king of Syria-of-Rivers, and Josephus calls him the king of Assyria. So Samuel anointed Saul in 1043BC to be King. At last its time to start building our timeline. An interesting insight into the early period is that the dates are built around the beginnings and ends of the oppressions, and the event that accomplished the delivery from that oppression. The Bible Story of Elijah The Life of Ruth - 5 Essential Faith Lessons The Bible Story of Queen EstherThe Greatest Villain - King NebuchadnezzarThe Bible Story of Mary Magdalene. By how to make a pinhole camera with a toilet rollhow to make a pinhole camera with a toilet roll Tribe of Ephraim. Thus, it appears that we have a 20-year period where Samuel is the sole judge before Saul is anointed as king. ). He led Israel for eight years. How Daniels Prophecy of 70 Weeks Connects to the End Times. This implies that Joshua and the elders that outlived him had all perished a mere ten years after the completion of the conquest and Israel had already fallen into sin. However, the length of the peace that follows is always 40 years or, in Ehuds case, twice 40 = 80 years. Several of these letters are from the ruler of Jerusalem, a vassal of the Pharaoh, requesting aid against the Habiru which some have associated with the Hebrews though this remains hotly debated in secular circles. This verse occurs right after the ark has been returned after its capture by the Philistines. Samuel was a judge and prophet of God who led Israel for over forty years. Finally, we learn that Samson judges Israel for 20 years (Judges 16:31). 31). The alignment between the Judges timeline and the New Chronology is shown in Figure 9. They moved the Ark to a different city and a horrible plague broke out there. At the same time, he had other characteristics that are hard to reconcile. Moreover, this man handled saving Israel at one point in his life. Moses and Joshua were each the General, Prime Minister and Chief Rabbi all rolled into one. "Now it came to pass when Samuel was old that he made his sons judges over Click here to find out more about this unique and fun Bible study tool! The early period however features a different character in each oppression. ), but the Bible does not say; it may have been a cultural influence on his parents. 1.Start where you are Subtracting 480 years from this date gives us a date of 1446 BC for the Exodus. 30 sons on 30 donkeys. It is also the name mentioned twice in the Book of Judges. The event in which they delivered Israel is not necessarily the beginning of their service as a judge, though it well could be that event which elevates them in status as was clearly the case with Gideon. However, further studies need to be carried out to determine the actual roles of this person in the scriptures. Judges 3.31 The inspired storyteller obviously viewed this mass killing to be a glorious, noble, and wonderful thing. 14. 7:3; Deut. While Egypt was the primary foreign power for much of this period, no direct interaction with Egypt is recorded.
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